[127] No political reforms were announced as part of the package, though some prisoners indicted for financial crimes were pardoned. [580][581], Other domestic reforms include significant regulations restricting the powers of the religious police and establishing a national entertainment authority that has hosted comedy shows, pro wrestling events, and monster truck rallies. The decision came after Swedish Foreign Minister Margot Wallstrom was blocked by the Saudis while speaking about democracy and women's rights at the Arab League in Cairo. One reason was to thwart Portuguese attempts to attack the Red Sea (hence the Hejaz) and the Indian Ocean. In September 2018, the Public Investment Fund completed a deal with a group of global lenders for a loan of $11 billion. Jump to navigation Jump to search. La zona del Barolo, in Piemonte, è ricca di luoghi incantevoli: la guida a cosa vedere. [208] Studies have shown that Saudi Arabia has one of the lowest crime rates in the world although there are differing views as to whether this is attributable to the legal system or other factors such as social structures. The Kingdom has, however, stepped up fruit and vegetable production, by improving both agricultural techniques and the roads that link farmers with urban consumers. [40] Saudi Arabia ranks among the top 10 in the world in government spending for its military, representing about 8 percent of gross domestic product in 2019. Traditional music is generally associated with poetry and is sung collectively. [3][560], Obesity is a problem among middle and upper class Saudis who have domestic servants to do traditional work but, until 2018, were forbidden to drive and so are limited in their ability to leave their home. During the 1970s, cinemas were numerous in the Kingdom although they were seen as contrary to Wahhabi norms. [176], Saudi Arabia is almost unique in giving the ulema (the body of Islamic religious leaders and jurists) a direct role in government. government. The capital Riyadh, located in the heart of the country, is supplied with desalinated water pumped from the Persian Gulf over a distance of 467 km. [47] In addition to being a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council, it is an active and founding member of the United Nations, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Arab League, OPEC and is also a major non-NATO ally. However, the superstar players Lacey Evans and Natalya were required to cover their arms and legs by wearing bodysuits during the fight, instead of the more revealing gear that they would normally wear. Politically, the Midianite were described as having decentralized structure headed by five kings (Evi, Rekem, Tsur, Hur and Reba), the names appears to be toponyms of important Midianite settlements. منطقة إدارية; mintaqah idariyya). There are six elements inscribed on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list:[517] Al-Qatt Al-Asiri, female traditional interior wall decoration in Asir; Almezmar, drumming and dancing with sticks; Falconry, a living human heritage; Arabic coffee, a symbol of generosity; Majlis, a cultural and social space; Alardah Alnajdiyah, dance, drumming and poetry in Saudi Arabia. [112] Khalid's reign saw economic and social development progress at an extremely rapid rate, transforming the infrastructure and educational system of the country;[80] in foreign policy, close ties with the US were developed. Its inclusion expresses the view that the country is the personal possession of the royal family. [542], On 31 October 2019, Saudi Arabia hosted the first ever women's wrestling match held by the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). In 2007, the Allegiance Council was created to regulate the succession. The King's intent was to respond to dissent while making as few actual changes in the status quo as possible. [605], The approach taken in the Saudi education system has been accused of encouraging Islamic terrorism, leading to reform efforts. În Arabia Saudită trăiesc 25 milioane de musulmani sau 97% din populaţia totală. [598][608], In 2018, Saudi Arabia ranked 28th worldwide in terms of high-quality research output according to the scientific journal Nature. O rei de Arabia Saudita é o monarca absoluto de Arabia Saudita que actúa como xefe de Estado e xefe de goberno. [410] Tourism is an important component of the Saudi Vision 2030 and according to a report conducted by BMI Research in 2018, both religious and non-religious tourism have significant potential for expansion. [171] Investigations by both US and UK authorities resulted, in 2010, in plea bargain agreements with the company, by which it paid $447 million in fines but did not admit to bribery. In 1966 an earthwork in Tarout exposed an ancient burial field that yielded a large, impressive statue dating to the Dilmunite period (mid 3rd millennium BC). També passa del milió d'habitants Gidda o Jiddah, i hi trobem les poblacions de la Meca i Medina, ciutats santes de l'islam. [154] The current Minister of Defense is Prince Mohammad bin Salman, the son of King Salman and Crown Prince. [185] The family is second in prestige only to the Al Saud (the royal family)[186] with whom they formed a "mutual support pact"[187] and power-sharing arrangement nearly 300 years ago. [87] The vassals of Ormuz, the Shia Jarwanid dynasty came to rule eastern Arabia in the 14th century. [260] The tentative rapprochement between the US and Iran that began in secret in 2011[261] was said to be feared by the Saudis,[262] and, during the run up to the widely welcomed deal on Iran's nuclear programme that capped the first stage of US–Iranian détente, Robert Jordan, who was US ambassador to Riyadh from 2001 to 2003, said "[t]he Saudis' worst nightmare would be the [Obama] administration striking a grand bargain with Iran. (The CIA Factbook estimated that as of 2013[update] foreign nationals living in Saudi Arabia made up about 21% of the population. "[484], Saudi Arabia is one of the few countries that have "religious police" (known as Haia or Mutaween), who patrol the streets "enjoining good and forbidding wrong" by enforcing dress codes, strict separation of men and women, attendance at prayer (salat) five times each day, the ban on alcohol, and other aspects of Sharia (Islamic law). Although now extremely wealthy, Saudi Arabia's economy was near stagnant. [480] The official and dominant form of Islam in the kingdom—Wahhabism—arose in the central region of Najd, in the 18th century. [258], The consequences of the 2003 invasion and the Arab Spring led to increasing alarm within the Saudi monarchy over the rise of Iran's influence in the region. [80], In 2005, King Fahd died and was succeeded by Abdullah, who continued the policy of minimum reform and clamping down on protests. [118], In the 1980s, Saudi Arabia spent $25 billion in support of Saddam Hussein in the Iran–Iraq War. ", "These may be the world's first images of dogsand they're wearing leashes", The World around the Old Testament: The People and Places of the Ancient Near East, The political map of Arabia and the Middle East in the third century AD revealed by a Sabaean inscription, "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia", Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World, "History of Saudi Arabia. [245] However, this[246] and Saudi Arabia's role in the 1991 Persian Gulf War, particularly the stationing of US troops on Saudi soil from 1991, prompted the development of a hostile Islamist response internally. [409] Institutional capacity and governance in the sector are weak, reflecting general characteristics of the public sector in Saudi Arabia. [348], The Human Rights Watch has criticized the UN's decision to remove Saudi Arabia from the “list of shame”. [16], Arabs originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia, the Hejaz in particular, founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517) and the Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates. [406] The Al Jouf region has millions of olive trees and the expected number is expected to go up to 20 million trees soon. Translated - Su iLMeteo.it trovi le previsioni e le notizie meteo per tutte le città d'Italia e del Mondo. [23][24] Saudi Arabia is sometimes called "the Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south; it is separated from the Sinai (Egypt) in the north-west by the Gulf of Aqaba. Pompeo has asked Saudi Arabia and the UAE to stop their airstrikes on populated areas in Yemen. As of 2013[update] four cities were planned. [180], By the 1970s, as a result of oil wealth and the modernization of the country initiated by King Faisal, important changes to Saudi society were under way and the power of the ulema was in decline. Major imports in 2010–14 included 45 combat aircraft from the UK, 38 combat helicopters from the US, four tanker aircraft from Spain and over 600 armoured vehicles from Canada. [427] Indian: 1.5 million, Pakistani: 1.3 million,[456] Egyptian: 900,000, Yemeni: 800,000, Bangladeshi: 400,000, Filipino: 500,000, Jordanian/Palestinian: 260,000, Indonesian: 250,000, Sri Lankan: 350,000, Sudanese: 250,000, Syrian: 100,000 and Turkish: 80,000. The rate of local unemployment is 12.9%, its highest in more than a decade. [225] Counting only the non-Muslim-majority countries, Saudi Arabia has paid for the construction of 1359 mosques, 210 Islamic centres, 202 colleges and 2000 schools. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is widespread.[142]. Although there was dramatic change in the social and economic life of the country, political power continued to be monopolized by the royal family[80] leading to discontent among many Saudis who began to look for wider participation in government. [318] Since 1985, the UK has supplied military aircraft—notably the Tornado and Eurofighter Typhoon combat aircraft—and other equipment as part of the long-term Al-Yamamah arms deal estimated to have been worth £43 billion by 2006 and thought to be worth a further £40 billion. [561] As of April 2014, Saudi authorities in the education ministry have been asked by the Shoura Council to consider lifting a state school ban on sports for girls with the proviso that any sports conform to Sharia rules on dress and gender segregation, according to the official SPA news agency. [413], The population of Saudi Arabia as of July 2013 is estimated to be 26.9 million, including between 5.5 million[3] and 10 million non-nationalized immigrants,[382][416] though the Saudi population has long proved difficult to accurately estimate due to Saudi leaders' historical tendency to inflate census results. [196] Extra-Sharia government tribunals usually handle disputes relating to specific royal decrees. [446], According to estimates there are about 1,500,000 Christians in Saudi Arabia, almost all foreign workers. [450], There may be a significant fraction of atheists and agnostics in Saudi Arabia,[451][452] although they are officially called "terrorists". Since his concert last November, Mariah Carey, Sean Paul and Akon all performed in various Saudi cities. [586] In 2 January 2020, Saudi Arabia announced three days Events-Only visa for expats living in United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Kuwait. Via Pietro Raimondi, 14 00198 Roma - RM Tel +39 06 88 40 807 Tel +39 06 85 51 641 Fax +39 06 85 58 658 consolato@arabia-saudita.it. Come per la Mecca, l’ingresso alla città santa di Medina è proibito a chi non professa la fede musulmana. Il visto di visita può essere ottenuto soltanto tramite un padrino in loco che effettui le apposite pratiche sul posto. However, with King Abdullah's reforms from 2005, some cinemas have re-opened,[526] including one in KAUST. At the same time, the Ikhwan became disenchanted with Ibn Saud's domestic policies which appeared to favor modernization and the increase in the number of non-Muslim foreigners in the country. According to Arab News columnist Abdel Aziz Aluwaisheg, "in almost every one of these areas, consumers have raised serious concerns about the performance of these privatized entities. [79] The Islamic prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca in about 571 CE. [374][375] It also has the fifth-largest proven natural gas reserves. [423][424], Its population is also quite young with over half the population under 25 years old. [108] On 23 September 1932, the two kingdoms of the Hejaz and Nejd were united as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,[80] and that date is now a national holiday called Saudi National Day. About 50% of drinking water comes from desalination, 40% from the mining of non-renewable groundwater and 10% from surface water, especially in the mountainous southwest of the country. In response, a number of limited "reforms" were initiated by King Fahd. [259] These fears were reflected in comments of King Abdullah,[183] who privately urged the United States to attack Iran and "cut off the head of the snake". [604], According to the educational plan for secondary (high school) education 1435–1438 Hijri, students enrolling in the "natural sciences" path are required to take five religion subjects which are: Tawhid, Fiqh, Tafseer, Hadith and Islamic Education and Quran. On 24 August 2017, the Kingdom signed a memorandum of understanding with China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) to explore and assess uranium[294] On 4 August 2020, a report claimed that Saudi Arabia has constructed a facility in the desert near Al-Ula for extracting uranium yellowcake from uranium ore with the help of China. [71] The third state occurred during the early 3rd century BC with bursting economic activity between the south and north that made Lihyan acquire large influence suitable to its strategic position on the caravan road. The local dairy manufacturing company Almarai is the largest vertically integrated dairy company in the Middle East. Bedouin poetry, known as nabaṭī, is still very popular. Casa Magazine [310] The Saudi military consists of the Royal Saudi Land Forces, the Royal Saudi Air Force, the Royal Saudi Navy, the Royal Saudi Air Defense, the Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG, an independent military force), and paramilitary forces, totaling nearly 200,000 active-duty personnel. Con distese di sabbia affiancata dalla Corniche, una promenade che sia di giorno che di notte resta vivace e affollata, è il luogo ideale per passeggiare, e osservare la Water Tower illuminata che sorge nel cuore di un’isola artificiale, a pochi metri dalla costa. [411], Starting December 2018, the kingdom will offer an electronic visa for foreign visitors to attend sport events and concerts. [425] A large fraction are foreign nationals. [485]), Until 2016, the kingdom used the lunar Islamic calendar, not the international Gregorian calendar,[486] but in 2016 the kingdom announced its switch to the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes. Viaggiamo The last reported execution for sorcery took place in September 2014. Tutte le informazioni che servono per conoscere le principali luci di Natale di Tokyo del 2020. In January 2020, several other WWE superstars casted doubt over visiting Saudi, following the heightened tensions in Middle East due to assassination of Qassem Soleimani. Centered in Tabouk, it stretched from Wadi Arabah in the north to the area of al-Wejh in the south. [119] However, Saudi Arabia condemned the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and asked the US to intervene. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Given the substantial oil wealth, water is provided almost for free. In 2018 the Al Jouf Agricultural Development Company received a certificate of merit from The Guinness World Records for the largest modern olive plantation in the world. By the 1950s this had led to large governmental deficits and excessive foreign borrowing. It would be the first time the Gulf nation would be hosting an F1 race as one of 23 grand prix in the busiest calendar ever. [147] Saudi Arabia is unique among modern Muslim states in that Sharia is not codified and there is no system of judicial precedent, giving judges the power to use independent legal reasoning to make a decision. In March 1992, he introduced the "Basic Law", which emphasized the duties and responsibilities of a ruler. [323] In 2016, the European Parliament decided to temporarily impose an arms embargo against Saudi Arabia, as a result of the Yemen civilian population's suffering from the conflict with Saudi Arabia. Turkish officials are highly skeptical of Khashoggi being murdered inside the consulate; this has strained the already suffering Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations. The area of modern-day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of mainly four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). "[283], The US expects its Gulf allies involved in the coalition in Yemen to put in more efforts and address the rising concerns about the millions that have been pushed to the brink of famine. [286][287], In the wake of Jamal Khashoggi's murder in October 2018, the US secretary of state Mike Pompeo and the US defence secretary Jim Mattis called for a ceasefire in Yemen within 30 days followed by UN-initiated peace talks. [citation needed], Shortly before the advent of Islam, apart from urban trading settlements (such as Mecca and Medina), much of what was to become Saudi Arabia was populated by nomadic pastoral tribal societies. La città, infatti, è dominata da un’imponente formazione rocciosa alta 300 metri che sovrasta una pianura arida. Within the framework of the 2016 National Transformation Program, also known as Saudi Vision 2030, the kingdom allocated 900 million euros to preserve its historical and cultural heritage. A large part of the curriculum at all levels is devoted to Islam, and, at the secondary level, students are able to follow either a religious or a technical track. Majority of Saudi Arabians also expressed a favorable view of China. [181] However, this changed following the seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca in 1979 by Islamist radicals. The State of Lihyan: A New Perspective – p. 192, Rohmer, J. Instruments include the rabābah, an instrument not unlike a three-string fiddle, and various types of percussion instruments, such as the ṭabl (drum) and the ṭār (tambourine). [422], As late as 1970, most Saudis lived a subsistence life in the rural provinces, but in the last half of the 20th century the kingdom has urbanized rapidly. As in other Arab countries of the Arabian Peninsula, machbūs (kabsa), a rice dish with lamb, chicken, fish or shrimp, is among the national dishes as well as the dish mandi (food). The first concerts in Riyadh for 25 years took place the following year. [209], Although repeated theft can be punishable by amputation of the right hand, only one instance of judicial amputation was reported between 2007 and 2010. Oil provided Saudi Arabia with economic prosperity and substantial political leverage internationally. [276] Following the Arab Spring Saudi Arabia offered asylum to deposed President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali of Tunisia and King Abdullah telephoned President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt (prior to his deposition) to offer his support. Although this is normally translated as "the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia" in English,[49] it literally means "the Saudi Arab kingdom",[50] or "the Arab Saudi Kingdom". [22] The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. [265], On 25 March 2015, Saudi Arabia, spearheading a coalition of Sunni Muslim states,[266] started a military intervention in Yemen against the Shia Houthis and forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who was deposed in the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings. Saudi Arabia is considered an "energy superpower". Saudi Arabia to remove key restrictions on migrant laborers. [575][576], In September 2017, King Salman issued a decree allowing women to drive, lifting the world's only ban on women drivers. [497][498] Celebration of other (non-Wahhabi) Islamic holidays, such as the Muhammad's birthday and the Day of Ashura, (an important holiday for the 10–25 percent of the population[440][441][442] that is Shīʿa Muslim), are tolerated only when celebrated locally and on a small scale. | Saudi Arabian dress strictly follows the principles of hijab (the Islamic principle of modesty, especially in dress). Midian, Moab and Edom: The History and Archaeology of Late Bronze and Iron Age Jordan and North-West Arabia p. 163. [80] Ibn Saud gained the support of the Ikhwan, a tribal army inspired by Wahhabism and led by Faisal Al-Dawish, and which had grown quickly after its foundation in 1912. Its modern existence, however, is attributable to it being effectively Abdullah's private army since the 1960s and, unlike the rest of the armed forces, is independent of the Ministry of Defense and Aviation. Scuba diving, windsurfing, sailing and basketball (which is played by both men and women) are also popular with the Saudi Arabian national basketball team winning bronze at the 1999 Asian Championship. [325], Following the killing of Jamal Khashoggi, a nonbinding resolution was passed in the European Parliament on 25 October 2018, urging EU countries to impose an EU-wide arms embargo on Saudi Arabia. [86] Ufsurid rule was weakened after Persian rulers of Hormuz captured Bahrain and Qatif in 1320. In response to the continuing criticism of its human rights record, the Saudi government points to the special Islamic character of the country, and asserts that this justifies a different social and political order. [123] However, open protest against the government, even if peaceful, is not tolerated. [159] The following year Prince Nayef also died before ascending to the throne. In 930, the Qarmatians pillaged Mecca, outraging the Muslim world, particularly with their theft of the Black Stone. [17][18][19][20][21], From the 10th century to the early 20th century, Mecca and Medina were under the control of a local Arab ruler known as the Sharif of Mecca, but at most times the Sharif owed allegiance to the ruler of one of the major Islamic empires based in Baghdad, Cairo or Istanbul. [180] The Al ash-Sheikh are the descendants of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, the 18th-century founder of the Wahhabi form of Sunni Islam which is today dominant in Saudi Arabia. [594] The latest list of Academic Ranking of World Universities 2018, ranked two Saudi universities, King Abdulaziz University and King Saud University, among the top 150 universities in the World.