the union jack history

The Union Jack also appears in flags of some of the nations and territories that were under the dominion of the British. Australian Civil Aviation Ensign (1935-1948), Royal Australian Air Force Ensign (1948-1982), The flag in a white border occasionally seen on merchant ships was sometimes referred to as the Pilot Jack. This changed dramatically in 1603 on the death of Elizabeth I of England. However, in the 2010s, the Union Flag, along with the colonial flag of Hong Kong began to see use by supporters of the pro-democracy camp during the 2014 Hong Kong protests, and the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. However, the fact that it was likely that Northern Ireland would choose not to remain part of the Irish Free State after its foundation and remain in the United Kingdom, gave better grounds for keeping the cross of St. Patrick in the Union Jack. The Court of the Lord Lyon, which has legal jurisdiction in heraldic matters in Scotland, confirms that the Union Jack "is the correct flag for all citizens and corporate bodies of the United Kingdom to fly to demonstrate their loyalty and their nationality. Its original blazon, as decreed by George III of the United Kingdom on 1 January 1801, reads: "the Union flag shall be azure, the crosses-saltires of St. Andrew and St. Patrick quartered per saltire counter changed argent and gules; the latter fimbriated of the second [viz., argent]; surmounted by the cross of St. George of the third [viz., gules], fimbriated as the saltire [viz., argent]. Unauthorised use of the flag in the 17th century to avoid paying harbour duties – a privilege restricted to naval ships – caused James's successor, Charles I, to order that use of the flag on naval vessels be restricted to His Majesty's ships "upon pain of Our high displeasure. The Union is a fictional UK superhero team that appear in comic books published by Marvel. "[59] Though remaining within the United Kingdom, the new government of Northern Ireland dispensed with the St Patrick's Saltire in favour of a new flag derived from the coat-of-arms of the Burkes, Earls of Ulster, and quite similar to England's St George's Cross. The drawing at the end of this letter was deliberately facetious, teasing her for going down-market, and in the accompanying letter he wrote, "Your title 'The Anglo Saxon' with its motto 'Blood is thicker than water' only needs the Union Jack & the Star Spangled Banner crossed on the cover to be suited to one of Harmsworth’s cheap Imperialist productions."[23][relevant? A YouGov poll showed less than half of the UK population knows the history or even how to correctly fly the Union Flag … which may also be called the Union Jack. A different style of the Union flag appears again in another cartoon by Gillray. This is due to different specifications for different types of media (for example, screen and print). By Simon - November 14, 2020 - in Tattoo History, Tattoo Meanings. In March of 1899, Churchill wrote to his mother from India about her plans to produce a new trans-Atlantic magazine, to be called The Anglo-Saxon Review. For comparison with another anglophone country with a large navy: the Jack of the United States specifically refers to the flag flown from the jackstaff of a warship, auxiliary or other U.S. governmental entity. Bicentennial celebrations, it was in … The Union Flag or Union Jack Flag is the official flag of the UK which includes Northern Ireland. There are various theories as to how it became known as the ‘Union Jack’. The Royal Navy which was also powerful at the same time also informed the name Union Jack given to the flag. There’s a Right Way to Display It. However, as Scotland voted against independence the issue did not arise.[65][66]. The pennant flying on Britannia's boat in this 1793 James Gillray cartoon is considerably different from the present flag. [17] After the Acts of Union 1707, the flag gained a regularised status as "the ensign armorial of the Kingdom of Great Britain", the newly created state. These colonies include New Zealand, Australia, Fiji, and Tuvalu. [47] Although documents accompanying this complaint which contained drafts for alternative designs have been lost, evidence exists, at least on paper, of an unofficial Scottish variant, whereby the Scottish cross was uppermost. [55], A manuscript compiled in 1785 by William Fox and in possession of the Flag Research Center includes a full plate showing "the scoth [sic] union" flag. The Union Jack - CLIL - History and Geography. On April 12, 1606, a new flag was established with the flag of Kingdom of England, and that of Scotland put together to create the flag of the UK and the first ever union flag. Nevertheless, a convention was soon established which accords most closely with the description. The answer is complicated", "Hong Kong handover: The protest symbols China's scared of", International Settlement of Kulangsu (Gulangyu, China), https://hammondthinking.com/2018/08/01/top-10-flags-as-brands/, https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-the-United-Kingdom, "It has been 20 years since Geri Halliwell wore the Union Jack dress", "Close Up: Cuba's new love for the Union flag", Monochrome Union Flag not flown to avoid controversy, Royal Standard of the United Kingdom in Scotland, National, regional and city flags incorporating the Union Jack, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Former British Empire and the overseas territories, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_Jack&oldid=994436474, 1801 establishments in the United Kingdom, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with dead external links from April 2012, Articles with dead external links from March 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2013, All articles that may have off-topic sections, Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from August 2016, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2011, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2012, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from September 2012, Articles needing additional references from May 2011, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2012, Articles with dead external links from July 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1606–1707 (ships at sea), 1707–1801 (England and Scotland), The Cross of St George over the Cross of St Andrew, 6 February (Anniversary of the accession of, 2 June (Anniversary of The Queen's coronation), 20 November (Anniversary of the wedding of The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh). The Union Jack became the standard “Navy Jack” on June 14, 1777. David Prothero, 13 June 2005. image by Željko Heimer, 28 September 2019. [87] The move was a concession given to those who preferred to adopt the Canadian Red Ensign as a formal national flag. The Hawaiian king then adopted and flew the flag as a symbol of his own royal authority not recognising its national derivation. In South Africa, the Union Jacks flown alongside the National Flag between 1928 and 1957 were 2:3 flags. Few flags are as recognizable as the Union Jack, the national flag of the United Kingdom. If anything the jack-staff is named after the Union Jack - and not the other way around! In addition to being an official ceremonial flag, the Union Flag also defaces the flags of a number of Canadian provinces, including British Columbia, Manitoba, and Ontario. The term "Union Jack" refers to the flag being a union between three national flags. The parliamentary resolution passed on 18 December 1964 assigned two purposes for the Union Flag in Canada, as a flag representing the United Kingdom, and as an official ceremonial flag of Canada. There is reason to think that cloth flags of this design were employed during the 17th century for unofficial use on Scottish vessels at sea. So - “…the jack flag had existed for over a hundred and fifty years before the jack staff…”. Union Jack. The arguments between the two grew more heated as time passed, until finally Brian left home because of them. The Union Jack 1. According to the Flag Institute, a membership-run vexillological charity,[12] "the national flag of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories is the Union Flag, which may also be called the Union Jack. Miss McCaul was determined that they should have the opportunity to do this and see London and all its sights. In March 1603 Queen Elizabeth I of England died without an heir, leaving the succession open. It will certainly become a flag under which great victories were won in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but to most minds the sentimental loss will be great. [94][93], Under these arrangements, the Union Jack was subordinate to the National Flag. According to one story, the King of Hawaii asked the British mariner, George Vancouver, during a stop in Lahaina, what the piece of cloth flying from his ship was. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com, The Story Of The Union Jack: The National Flag Of The United Kingdom. La bandiera del Regno Unito (comunemente Union Flag o Union Jack) fu adottata nel 1801 in seguito all'atto di unione con il quale il Regno di Gran Bretagna e il Regno d'Irlanda si univano a formare il Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda.Derivata da una versione precedente adottata nel 1606, è anche stata la bandiera rappresentativa dell'Impero britannico. [46] One version showed St George's cross with St Andrew's cross in the canton, and another version placed the two crosses side by side. Some of the common national symbols include the national flag, national personification known as Britannia, National animals (Bulldog and Lion), Royal Court of Arms of the United Kingdom, national motto, and the national anthem. The actual flag, preserved in the National Maritime Museum, is a cruder approximation of the proper specifications; this was common in 18th and early 19th century flags.[44][45]. Union Jack is incorporated by four former British colonies as a part of their national flags. The blazon for the old union flag, to be compared with the current flag, is azure, the cross saltire of St Andrew argent surmounted by the Cross of St George gules, fimbriated of the second. By 1674, the flag was being referred to as Union Jack which finally became its official name. This development sparked design contests with entries from all over the world. On 30 November, (St Andrew's Day), the Union Flag can be flown in Scotland only where a building has more than one flagpole—on this day the Saltire will not be lowered to make way for the Union Flag if there is only one flagpole. It is so called because it combines the crosses of the three countries united under one Sovereign - the kingdoms of England and Wales, of Scotland and of Ireland (although since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom). The UK has several national symbols some of which are unique to its constituent countries. Union Jack and Union Flag are used interchangeably to refer to the flag of the UK. "[106] The Flag Institute listed the white bordered Union Flag as "Civil Jack".[13]. [20] Reinforcing the distinction the King's proclamation of the same day concerning the arms and flag of the United Kingdom (not colours at sea) called the new flag "the Union Flag". David Prothero, 13 June 2005. image by Željko Heimer, 28 September 2019. A thin white stripe, or fimbriation, separates the red cross from the blue field, in accordance with heraldry's rule of tincture where colours (like red and blue) must be separated from each other by metals (like white, i.e. The fimbriation of the cross of St George separates its red from the red of the saltire. The pre-1801 Union Flag also sees limited use by private organizations, most notably the United Empire Loyalists Association of Canada.[104]. There’s a rumour that it’s not actually called the Union Jack. Normal practice for British ships is to fly the White ensign (Royal Navy), the Red ensign (Merchant and private boats) or the Blue ensign (government departments and public corporations). Union Jack: History, Evolution And Tattoo Design Ideas. There are designated days when the Union flag needs to be flown on buildings throughout the UK. It was later blamed on the actions of a researcher, who resigned yet claimed that the comment had been approved by White. The terms Union Jack and Union Flag are both used historically for describing the national flag of the United Kingdom. The flag of the Chilean city of Coquimbo features the Union Jack, owing to its historical commercial links to Britain. However, on 23 April, St George's Day, it is the Union Flag of the United Kingdom that is flown over UK government offices in England. The Miskito people sometimes use a similar flag that also incorporates the Union Jack in its canton, due to long periods of contact in the Mosquito Coast. The Union Flag, or Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. It then comprised the age-old English flag of St. George, a square red cross on a white ground, combined with the diagonal white cross on a blue ground, … [20], It is often stated that a flag upside down is a form of distress signal or even a deliberate insult. In addition to those already mentioned, they were the Union Buildings (Pretoria), the head offices of the four provincial administrations, the supreme courts, certain magistrates' courts, customs houses, and three buildings in Durban (the general post office, the railway station, and the local military district headquarters). Taunton, Massachusetts, used a flag with the old style Union Flag by a resolution on October 19, 1974. The Union Jack Club was founded by Miss Ethel McCaul, a nurse who served in the South African War at the turn of the 20thCentury. The Union Flag is flown at half mast from the announcement of the death of the Sovereign (save for Proclamation Day), or upon command of the Sovereign. James became King of Scots at one year old when his mother Mary Queen of Scots was deposed by rebel Scottish Lords. The three-component crosses that make up the Union Flag are sized as follows: The crosses and fimbriations retain their thickness relative to the flag's height whether they are shown with a ratio of 3:5 or 1:2. The Vice-Regal flags of the State Governors also use the Union Jack. Notably, the home nation of Wales is not represented separately in the Union Flag, as the concept of a standardised national flag was not fully developed at the time of the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 integrating Wales into the Kingdom of England. Radburn, A. Honours and Salutes. It is often displayed upside down inadvertently—even on commercially-made hand waving flags. The Union Flag, or Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, land flags are normally a ratio of 3:5; the Union Jack can also be made in this shape, but 1:2 is for most purposes. Both terms are historically correct in the description of the national flag of the UK. In 1980, the flag of Newfoundland was adopted as the new provincial flag, with the design for the new flag of Newfoundland being derived from the Union Flag. Within the Almanac, neither the Union Flag nor the Union Jack are included pictorially or mentioned by name. The original specification of the Union Flag in the Royal Proclamation of 1 January 1801 did not contain a drawn pattern or express which way the saltires should lie; they were simply "counterchanged" and the red saltire fimbriated. [68] A more categorical statement was made by Home Secretary Sir John Gilmour, in 1933 when he stated that "the Union Flag is the national flag and may properly be flown by any British subject on land."[69]. The Union Flag also appears in the canton (upper flagstaff-side quarter) of the flags of several nations and territories that are former British possessions or dominions, as well as the state flag of Hawaii. The thin white stripe separating the red crosses from the blue fields is in line with the requirements of the rule of tincture where some colors like red and blue must be separate from each other. Die Farben der Union Flag entsprechen den Werten der folgenden Tabelle. [74], The current flag days where the Union Flag should be flown from government buildings throughout the UK are:[75], In addition, the Union Flag should be flown in the following areas on specified days:[75]. Jack comes from the Latin for James, Jacobus. ", "The History and Meaning of the Union Jack or Union Flag", "Command flag, Admiral of the Fleet, RN (before 1801)", "The North East View of Edinburgh Castle", "The North Prospect of the City of Edenburgh", "Ceisteanna—Questions. [79], There is no specific way in which the Union Flag should be folded as there is with the United States Flag. [41] However, the flag of the Protectorate from 1658 to 1660 was inescutcheoned with the arms of Ireland. Although the colour schemes are official, not all of the colours are completely congruent. On 12 April 1606, a new flag to represent this regal union between England and Scotland was specified in a royal decree, according to which the flag of England, a red cross on a white background, known as St George's Cross, and the flag of Scotland, a white saltire (X-shaped cross, or St Andrew's Cross) on a blue background, would be joined, forming the flag of England and Scotland for maritime purposes. [53] On the North Prospect of the City of Edenburgh engraving, the flag is indistinct. A painted wooden ceiling boss from Linlithgow Palace, dated to about 1617, depicts the Scottish royal unicorn holding a flag where a blue Saltire surmounts the red cross of St. George. James Montgomery FalsworthBrian FalsworthJoseph ChapmanKenneth CrichtonVampire Avengers(Earth-3931)Union JacksEarth X(Earth-9997) This is the only contemporary official representation of the pre-1801 Union Jack in the United Kingdom[43] and can be seen flying from their George Street headquarters in Edinburgh. Irish National Flag The Union Flag, created by James in 1606, continued in use as a purely symbolic banner until 1707. [73] While consultation on new guidelines is under way, the decision to fly the flag may be made by each government department. [81], The Union Flag was used as a flag of Australia until 1953, although the Australian blue ensign saw use as a governmental flag of Australia, and an informal national flag of the country since the early 20th century. [26][27] In 2006, Sandra White, a Member of the Scottish Parliament, caused a furore when the term was used in a press release under her name. The original flag appears in the canton of the Commissioners' Ensign of the Northern Lighthouse Board. [60], A Dáil question in 1961 mooted raising the removal of the cross of St Patrick with the British government; Frank Aiken, the Irish minister for external affairs, declined to "waste time on heraldic disputations".[61]. Since she died childless and was unmarried, the crown was given to James VI who was her cousin and also the king of Scotland. The exception was flags that had flown in action: these could be framed and kept on board, or transferred to a "suitable place", such as a museum (ADM 1/8567/245). The Admiralty in 1864 settled all official flags at proportions of 1:2, but the relative widths of the crosses remained unspecified, with the above conventions becoming standardised in the 20th century. [79][80], Royal Navy Stores Duties Instructions, article 447, dated 26 February 1914, specified that flags condemned from further service use were to be torn up into small pieces and disposed of as rags (ADM 1/8369/56), not to be used for decoration or sold. [31], Flags that have the Union Jack in the canton should always be 1:2 to preserve the square fly area. The name ‘Union’ first appeared in 1625. Because the Union Flag is not symmetric, many people unknowingly hang it upside down - so here's a handy guide, read on. Similar ensigns are used by other countries (such as New Zealand and Australia) with the Union Flag in the canton. [22] This fimbriation is repeated for symmetry on the white portion of the saltire, which thereby appears wider than the red portion. Union Jack History. While officers had their clubs, servicemen below commissioned rank had nowhere reputable to stay with their families in the nation’s capital. The Stuart Crown, 1603-1714. The Union Jack,[note 1][2][3] or Union Flag, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. [67] The Union Flag may also be flown from the yardarm to indicate that a court-martial is in progress, though these are now normally held at shore establishments. Union Jack at crossing sends mixed message - Ottawa - CBC News", "Flags of New Zealand Page 3 - Union Jack", "Italian beach operators hoist British flag in protest at EU law", "Flag-waving Grandma Wong gives Hong Kong protesters lesson in endurance", "Colonial nostalgia rules in Hong Kong as young refuse to accept China's authority", "Explainer: The conflicting messages behind protesters' use of the colonial Hong Kong flag", "Are Hong Kong protesters pro-American or British when they wave the US and UK flags? [76] This difference arose after Members of the Scottish Parliament complained that Scotland was the only country in the world that could not fly its national flag on its national day. On this day in history in 1606, the Union Jack was created. 'South Africa's Dual Flag Arrangement, 1928-1957' in, Lord Howe's action, or the Glorious First of June, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Minister for Culture, Creative Industries and Tourism, Flags Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000, Services in the Internal Market Directive 2006, List of countries and territories with the Union Jack displayed on their flag, flag of the British Indian Ocean Territory, flag of the United States of the Ionian Islands, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The official website of The British Monarchy", "Statement by the Hon. 1902 The word Jack was used before the 17th century as a description for the maritime bow flag. To remove all reference to Ireland from the present Union Jack and Royal Arms would be vastly more expensive.[57]. The interior core of the Union Jack is the English flag, represented by the Cross of St. George the patron saint of England. Even the original flag of the United States, first raised in 1775 was "a jack with the union flag, and striped red and white in the field". Because the Queen died unmarried and childless, the English crown passed to the next available heir, her cousin James VI, King of Scotland. On 15 February 1965, the maple leaf flag formally replaced the Union Flag as the flag of Canada following an official proclamation by Elizabeth II;[86] with the Royal Union Flag made an official ceremonial flag.[87]. In 1606 the first Union Flag appeared. Thus, at the time of the flag's design the cross of St George represented all of England and Wales. In 1970, the white-bordered Union Flag ceased to be the signal for a pilot, but references to it as national colours were not removed from the current Merchant Shipping Act and it was legally interpreted as a flag that could be flown on a merchant ship, as a jack if desired. [87][88] The Royal Union Flag may also be formally flown alongside the flag of Canada at federal locations in Canada in relation to ceremonies, anniversaries, and other events relating to the Canadian Armed Forces, or other forces in the Commonwealth. It is so called because it combines the crosses of the three countries united under one Sovereign - the kingdoms of England and Wales, of Scotland and of Ireland (although since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom). Also, there are days when the flag is flown on specific places only. In 1801, King George proclaimed the new flag as the Union Flag. [107], The Union Jack remains one of the most instantly-recognised flags in the world. This could imply that there was still some use of a Scottish variant before the addition of the cross of St Patrick to the Union Flag in 1801.[50]. The day of the prorogation of a Session of the Houses of Parliament, This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 18:40. Instructions issued in 1931 confirmed the places where both flags were to be flown. The Union Flag can be found in the canton of several of the ensigns flown by vessels and aircraft of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The jacks of ships flying variants of the Blue Ensign are square and have a square Union Flag in the canton. All administrative regions and territories of the United Kingdom fly the Union Jack in some form, with the exception of Gibraltar (other than the government ensign). [77] Non-government organisations may fly the Union Flag whenever they choose. However, official use of the Union Flag and the British colonial Hong Kong flag ceased following the handover of Hong Kong to China in July 1997. "Symbol of Unity") is the official flag of the United Kingdom, and a spiritual artifact used by the royalty of England and is the foundation of power controlled by Curtana Original and Curtana Second. Learn more about the 400-year history of the national flag of the United Kingdom: the Union Flag (or Union Jack). When statically displayed, the hoist is on the observer's left. It tells the story of the Union Jack. This flag was of a similar design to the one used by the British East India Company. When the first flag was established, it was just referred to as the British Flag. We have, with the advice of our Council, ordered: That from henceforth all our Subjects of this Isle and Kingdome of Great Britaine, and all our members thereof, shall beare in their main-toppe the Red Crosse, commonly called St George's Crosse, and the White Crosse, commonly called St Andrew’s Crosse, joyned together according to the forme made by our heralds, and sent by Us to our Admerall to be published to our Subjects: and in their fore-toppe our Subjects of South Britaine shall weare the Red Crosse onely as they were wont, and our Subjects of North Britaine in their fore-toppe the White Crosse onely as they were accustomed.[40].

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