[15] Omar himself said: "My father, Al-Khattab was a ruthless man. [citation needed] According to one account, Omar thereafter openly prayed at the Kaaba as the Quraish chiefs, Amr ibn Hishām and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, reportedly watched in anger. On 31 October 644, Piruz attacked Omar while he was leading the morning prayers, stabbing him six times in the belly and finally in the navel, that proved fatal. Les sunnites le considèrent comme le deuxième des « califes bien guidés » (rachidun) après Abou Bakr et le surnomment Al-Fâroûq4 tandis qu'à l'opposé, les chiites considèrent son élection comme un coup d'État visant à empêcher la prise de pouvoir d'Ali5. In his youth he used to tend to his father's camels in the plains near Mecca. Infuriated by this, Omar's younger son Ubaidullah ibn Umar sought to kill all the Persians in Medina. I have sent you as leaders instead, so that the people may follow your example. In 638 CE, Arabia fell into severe drought followed by a famine. Il craignait que les générations futures ne prennent le prétexte d'une prière de lui à l'intérieur de l'église pour la transformer en mosquée. He was the first to discipline the people when they became disordered. Abdullah bin Masoud said, Umar's embracing Islam was our victory, his migration to Medina was our success, and his reign a blessing from Allah. Omar oversaw the work. Ny vadiny dia Umm Kulthum bint Asim, Umm Kulthum bint Ali. En 637 Abû Ubayda prend Baysan (ancienne Scythopolis), Tibériade et Fahil (ancienne Pella). Alors qu'il était en chemin, il rencontra son meilleur ami Nou`aym ibn Abdillah qui s'était secrètement converti à l'islam et l'informa de ses intentions. Il comprit ce que ceci voulait dire et fit demi-tour pour se rendre chez elle. [84][85][86][87], Local populations of Jews and Christians, persecuted as religious minorities and taxed heavily to finance the Byzantine–Sassanid Wars, often aided Muslims to take over their lands from the Byzantines and Persians, resulting in exceptionally speedy conquests. [41], Wilferd Madelung summarises Omar's contribution: [43], Umar judged the outcome of the Saqifa assembly to be a falta [translated by Madelung as 'a precipitate and ill-considered deal'[44]] because of the absence of most of the prominent Muhajirun, including the Prophet's own family and clan, whose participation he considered vital for any legitimate consultation (shura, mashwara). Les byzantins renforcèrent les fortifications et une armée menée par Héraclius se déplaça d'Antioche (Antakya en Turquie) à Édesse (Urfa en Turquie) pour venir en aide à Émèse si nécessaire. According to Tom Holland, Omar's historicity is beyond dispute. `Omar qui institua la shura désigna les muhajirun afin qu'ils élisent entre eux et parmi eux le prochain calife au détriment des ansars. It was, he warned the community, to be no precedent for the future. [61] This made Omar quite popular among the Bedouin tribes. "[39] Abu Bakr then publicly spoke to the community in the mosque, saying: "Whoever worshiped Muhammad, let them know that Muhammad has died, and whoever worshiped Allah, let them know that Allah is alive and never dies.". In order to minimize the chances of corruption, Omar made it a point to pay high salaries to the staff. Omar said: "He has not died but rather he has gone to his lord just as Moses went, remaining absent from his people for forty nights after which he has returned to them. ». [101], Omar appointed a band of fifty armed soldiers to protect the house where the meeting was proceeding. This 2-book biography of Umar (RAA) presents a model of an ideal Muslim leader, one who felt responsible before Allah for the well being of those under his rule, and it offers a window into an exciting and important period of … Elle lui dit : « Ô fils d'al-Khattâb, je me suis soumise à Dieu, fais ce que tu veux ! Omar resolved the divisions by placing his hand on that of Abu Bakr as a unity candidate for those gathered in the Saqifah. Ce fut `Omar qui conseilla Abou Bakr de rassembler le Coran sous forme d'un livre, à la suite de la mort de 300 maîtres-récitateurs lors de la bataille d'al-Yamamah. `Omar ibn al-Khattâb leur déclara : « Faites ce que bon vous semble, mais je jure par Dieu que si nous étions trois cents musulmans, nous vous aurions combattus jusqu'à ce que l'un des deux partis arrache définitivement à sa rivale l'autorité sur le Sanctuaire Sacré[23]. I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." Upon arriving at her house, Omar found his sister and brother-in-law Saeed bin Zaid (Omar's cousin) reciting the verses of the Quran from sura Ta-Ha. On his ring is written the words "Enough is Death as a reminder to you O' 'Omar". À partir de 1203, Abdul al-Latif al-Baghdadi, historien arabe[55], puis Ibn al Kifti[56] imputent la destruction de la bibliothèque d'Alexandrie à Omar ibn al-Khattab qui aurait donné en 642 l'ordre de détruire la bibliothèque à son chef militaire 'Amr Ibn al-'As. Omar died on 3 November 644; on 7 November Uthman succeeded him as caliph. It seems that his prayer has been answered in your favour. C'est dû à un problème de libertinage qui occasionna le meurtre d'un membre des Banû Kinâna durant le mois sacré. [75] The Jews, Kaab explained, had briefly won back their old capital a quarter of a century before (when Persians overran Syria and Palestine), but they had not had time to clear the site of the Temple, for the Rums (Byzantines) had recaptured the city. [94] One possible explanation was that it was done in response to the Muslim conquest of Persia. He was an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithetAl-Farooq ("the one who d… [citation needed]. Aussitôt Abû `Ubayda appela des renforts. [23] He firmly believed in the unity of the Quraish and saw the new faith of Islam as a cause of division and discord. Son surnom d'Al-Fâroûq lui vient de ses charges d'arbitrage, de médiation et d'ambassade au cours de la période pré-islamique. Sous son califat, il ajoutera une aide aux familles avec enfant, en fonction du nombre et de l'âge des enfants. In 628 he fought in the Battle of Khaybar. Il n'existe aucune trace de ce récit avant le XIIIe siècle, soit six siècles après les faits supposés, il n'est pas repris par tous les historiens de l'époque, et il en existe deux versions différentes[57]. Omar Ibn al-Khattab (r.) war einer der treusten und engsten Gefährten des Propheten (s.a.w.s. Abû Bakr convoqua Uthman ibn Affan pour rédiger un testament allant dans ce sens. He is said to have participated in the wrestling matches on the occasion of the annual fair of Ukaz. [citation needed]. He was excluded on the basis of being related by blood and of the same tribe as Omar. Sous son califat, il ajoutera une aide aux familles avec enfant, en fonction du nombre et de l'âge des enfants. Home; About Us; Classes; Upcoming Events; Donation; Prayer Time; Contact Us; About Us. `Omar ibn al-Khattâb se convertit à l'islam en, La zakât est versée à ce qui pourrait être l'équivalent du trésor public appelé. souhaitée] Bien qu'il ne fût pas poète, il développa un amour pour la poésie et la littérature[9]. The provision of services to the general community that address the outstanding needs in the City of Los Angeles for shelter, welfare, employment and job training, youth training, … Au même moment, Khabbâb ibn al-Arât récitait la sourate Ta-Ha. Lorsqu'Omar ibn al-Khattâb était calife, il déclara : « Mon père, Al-Khattâb, était un homme impitoyable et me faisait travailler dur. Omar wrote to Mughirah and inquired about the tax; Mughirah's reply was satisfactory, but Omar held that the tax charged to Abu Lulu was reasonable, owing to his daily income. Omar was left profusely bleeding while Piruz tried to flee, but people from all sides rushed to capture him; in his efforts to escape he is reported to have wounded twelve other people, six or nine of whom later died, before slashing himself with his own blade to commit suicide. Frédéric Imbert, « L’Islam des pierres : l’expression de la foi dans les graffiti arabes des premiers siècles », Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes, Destructions de la bibliothèque d'Alexandrie, Restatement of History of Islam and Muslims, Les mathématiques arabes (5/6) sur dalymotion, en ligne sur revues.org, lire juste après la note 5, La Chronique : histoire des prophètes et des rois, Série télévisée en ligne retraçant la vie de Omar Ibn Al-Khattâb, Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omar_ibn_al-Khattâb&oldid=180708427, Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais, Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité, Page pointant vers des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes, Portail:Religions et croyances/Articles liés, Portail:Monde arabo-musulman/Articles liés, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Politique, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. In 625 he took part in the Battle of Uhud. La bataille finale eut lieu à Al-Qâdisiyya (vers [636][46]). He was adamant and cruel in opposing Muhammad, and very prominent in persecuting Muslims. Il participait aux persécutions des musulmans[15] et fut l'un des plus féroces opposants à l'islam[16] car « son esprit de clan ainsi que son entêtement le poussaient à défendre les traditions ancestrales de son clan. Dans cette bataille un butin immense et un grand nombre de prisonniers étaient tombés entre les mains des musulmans[43]. [111], He would patrol the streets of Medina with a whip in his hand, ready to punish any offenders he might come across. `Omar se mit à la recherche d'un site où construire une nouvelle capitale. [citation needed] The provinces were administered by the provincial governors or Wali, personally and fastidiously selected by Omar. Il impose un état du patrimoine des hauts fonctionnaires avant leurs prises de poste puis un second à la fin de leur mission, l'objectif étant de s'assurer qu'ils ne se sont pas enrichis anormalement durant leur période d'activité bénéficiant, au titre de leur fonction, d'avantage sur leurs commerces par exemple. When Omar informed him that he had set out to kill Muhammad, Nua'im said, “By God, you have deceived yourself, O Omar! [26] He started quarreling with his brother-in-law. [citation needed] In 638, his fourth year as caliph and the seventeenth year since the Hijra, he decreed that the Islamic calendar should be counted from the year of the Hijra of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina. In 629 Muhammad sent Amr ibn al-A’as to Zaat-ul-Sallasal, after which, Muhammad sent Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah with reinforcements, including Abu Bakr and Omar, whereupon they attacked and defeated the enemy. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. En 634, Abou Bakr nomma comme successeur `Omar juste avant sa mort. Il fit transporter la porte du palais de Ctésiphon dans celui-ci. [124] According to the majority of Twelver scholar writings, Fatimah was physically assaulted by Omar, that this caused her to miscarry her child, Muhsin ibn Ali, and led to her death soon after. Trois mille byzantins furent faits prisonniers. Omar Ibn Khatab est le deuxième calife, successeur d'Abou Bakr en 634. In a sullen mood, Piruz said, "Verily I will make such a mill for you, that the whole world would remember it".[96]. Il restait deux villes à prendre : Chalcis (Hâdir Qinnasrîn ou al-`Iss en Syrie) et Césarée (Césarée en Palestine). For internally displaced people, Omar hosted a dinner every night at Medina, which according to one estimate, had attendance of more than a hundred thousand people. C'est la première forme d'allocation familiale connue. Arriving at the meeting, Omar was faced with a unified community of tribes from the Ansar who refused to accept the leadership of the Muhajirs. [74] He is regarded by Sunni Muslims as one of the greatest Faqih, and, as such, he started the process of codifying Islamic Law. There would have been no sense in beating up the Khazraji chief if everybody had come around to swearing allegiance to Umar's candidate. [11][12] He is viewed negatively in the Shia tradition. Il fut nommé à la tête de l'armée d'Irak[41]. [41] Omar found out about this meeting at Saqifah Bani Saadah, and, taking with him two other Muhajirs, Abu Bakr and Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, proceeded to the meeting, presumably to head off the Ansars' plans for political separation. Abu Bakr is reported to have said to the high-ranking advisers: His (Omar's) strictness was there because of my softness when the weight of Caliphate will be over his shoulders he will remain no longer strict. `Omar aurait été dupé par le frère de Malik qui lui aurait fait croire que celui-ci était musulman et que malgré cela, Khalid ibn al-Walid l'aurait tué afin d'épouser sa femme Layla bint al-Minhal (en), qui était renommée pour sa beauté en Arabie. Omar wurde auch „Al-Faruq“ genannt. C'est une nouvelle victoire qui donna aux musulmans le contrôle de la Mésopotamie. Give the Muslims their rights and do not beat them lest they become abused. Omar envoya alors Mu`âwiya accompagné d'`Amrû ben al-`Âs à la conquête de Jérusalem. Il fut probablement, avec Khalid ibn al-Walid, l'un des principaux architectes et stratèges qui furent derrière l'effondrement de la rébellion en Arabie. nécessaire], Puis elle est utilisée dans plusieurs domaines à l'époque de Mahomet et du premier calife Abu Bakr : distribuée aux musulmans en fonction de leurs revenus, pour permettre aux plus pauvres de subvenir à leurs besoins, construire des établissements publics (écoles, hôpitaux, mosquées). [65] This service was also said to have inspired fear in his subjects. `Omar était présent lors du sermon d'adieu de Mahomet en 631[35]. Partant de Damas, les armées arabes parcouraient la route des pèlerins À son approche le général byzantin chargé de défendre Jérusalem, nommé Artabun, s'enfuit vers l'Égypte (janvier 637). [citation needed], On his deathbed, Omar vacillated on his succession. It was only when Omar marched into Jerusalem with an army that he asked Kaab, who was Jewish before he converted to Islam, "Where do you advise me to build a place of worship?" [102] From first hand accounts of his physical appearance Omar is said to be vigorous, robust and a very tall man; in markets he would tower above the people.
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