Later on, Machiavelli asserts that "to command strong things one must be strong; and he who is of this strength and who commands them cannot then make them observed with mildness. For these things, "alterations are for safety that lead them back toward their beginnings. he shows he does not go against the common good but against the ambitious few in the city, which has many times made campaigns and captures of towns easier. When the battle was over, he surrendered his power and returned to his small villa. Universale Bollati Boringhieri. Fortune acts similarly to the activity of gods, yet it is different in that it exists naturally and benefits those who demonstrate virtue. "[38] Machiavelli desires to talk about modern examples, however; he brings up when, in 1483, all the Italian states declared war on Venice. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio book. This disunity resulted in Rome evolving into a Republic. [88], Chapter 46 concerns that "not only does one city have certain modes and institutions diverse from another, and procreates men either harder or more effeminate, but in the same city one sees such a difference to exist from one family to another. Discourses on Livy. "[82] It is necessary for a captain to have knowledge of other countries. 1513) af den italienske forfatter og politisk teoretiker Niccolò Machiavelli.Værket regnes for Machiavellis andet hovedværk. The Gauls were quick to start fights but in actual combat failed spectacularly. He then conveys that having a dictatorial authority was beneficial for the City of Rome because a republic cannot always make the quick decisions demanded by a crisis, and in these cases one person can do a better job than the rest. He says that to sustain a republic in a newly freed city, it is necessary to "Kill the sons of Brutus", make violent examples out of the enemies of the free regime, citing Brutus's execution of his sons as an example. Machiavelli justifies dedicating the Discourses to his two friends because they deserve to be princes, even if they lack principalities, and he criticizes the custom (which he had adopted in The Prince) of dedicating works to men who are princes but do not deserve to be. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio Italian… - 9788858631997 [82], The topic of Chapter 39 is "That a captain ought to be a knower of sites. Chapter four lists the three modes of expanding that republics have taken. Chapter 25 says to assault a disunited city so as to seize it by means of its disunion is a contradictory policy. He also goes into a discussion about how to establish and maintain a tyrannical government, using the example of Appius Claudius, an individual who was unwise in approaching this endeavor. He gives the particular example that in Florence right before the death of Lorenzo de' Medici the Elder, a cathedral was hit by lightning. He talks about the different advantages to seizing towns in different ways, both weighing the pros and cons such as cost and efficiency. Machiavelli frequently describes Romans and other ancient peoples as superior models for his contemporaries, but he also describes political greatness as something which comes and goes amongst peoples, in cycles. Twitter. i discorsi sopra la prima deca di tito livio di niccolÒ machiavelli . Faith and benevolence of men is what makes war what it is. Classici, 608 pp. Niccolò Machiavelli. The captain must esteemed of a quality that they trust in his prudence. He traces this to an improper reading of history that suggests that imitation of ancient political virtue is impossible. "[33] Machiavelli gives the example of Quintus Fabius Maximus, who was able to turn the tides of the Punic Wars "with his slowness and caution. Sfortunatamente, oggi, martedì, 15 dicembre 2020, la descrizione del libro Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio non è disponibile su piccoloatlantedellacorruzione.it. Discorsi Sopra La Prima Deca Di Tito Livio: Machiavelli, Niccolo: Amazon.sg: Books. He also states that Livy gives many examples of when religion was utilized to restructure the city. Whoever does otherwise, if he is a man notable for his quality, lives in continual danger. The modern examples of these kind men are few, but Machiavelli cites Livy's example of "the conspiracy made against Hieronymus, king of Syracuse, in which Theodorus, one of the conspirators, was taken and with great virtue concealed all the conspirators and accused the friends of the king". Il principe: e discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio by Niccolò Machiavelli. Machiavelli concludes from the story that "Here it is to be considered with this true example how much more a humane act full of charity is sometimes able to do in the spirits of men than a ferocious and violent act..."[52]. Although the mode of seizing the kingdom had been extraordinary and hateful, nonetheless, if he had observed the ancient orders of the other kings, he would have been endured and would not have excited the senate and plebs against him so as to take the state away from him. [62] Machiavelli concludes the chapter writing, "One could show with a long speech how much better fruits poverty produced than riches, and how the one has honored cities, provinces, sects, and the other has ruined them..."[62], Chapter 26's title is "How a State is ruined because of women. He says there are many different reasons for disputes. I can well believe it; for it is that Court it most clearly portrays. He cites Romulus's murder of his own brother Remus and co-ruler Titus Tatius in order to gain power. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio, "Machiavellianism Come of Age? "[13] This return toward the beginning is done either through prudence from outside of the republic or from within the republic. "[70] If the leader of a republic is weak, then his republic will be weak. [76], Chapter 35 concerns "What dangers are borne in making oneself head in counseling a thing; and the more it has of the extraordinary, the greater are the dangers incurred in it. Machiavelli concludes from the Roman example that "...whenever there are many powers united against another power, even though all together are much more powerful, nonetheless, one ought always to put more hope in that one alone, who is less mighty, than in the many, even though very mighty. Concordanza . Machiavelli then turns his attention toward the renewal of sects, arguing that "...our religion, which would be altogether eliminated if it had not been drawn back toward its beginning by Saint Francis and Saint Dominick. Quali siano stati universalmente i principii di qualunque città, e quale fusse quello di Roma. "[13] If that goodness is ever corrupted, "unless something intervenes to lead it back to the mark, it of necessary kills that body. "[86] The nature of things in the present is not much different than it was in Livy's time. [65], The heading for Chapter 28 states that "One should be mindful of the works of citizens because many times underneath a merciful work a beginning of tyranny is concealed. So by the contrary I affirm that the proceeding of Manlius is harmful in a prince and useful in a citizen, and especially to the fatherland..."[58], Chapter 23 concerns "For what cause Camillus was expelled from Rome. Machiavelli believes that the danger of conspiracy must be raised as "many more princes are seen to have lost their lives and states through these than by open war. Machiavelli then explains this idea and states that this greatly changes the way a city is viewed, in particular for Rome. In the second paragraph, Machiavelli states, "when he assaults a town, a captain ought to contrive with all diligence to lift such necessity from its defenders, and in consequence such obstinacy—if they have fear of punishment, he promises pardon, and if they had fear for their freedom. Chapter three talks about how Rome had its rise to power through their ruining of surrounding cities, making Rome the primary power of the region. I discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio (1513-1518) Mentre il Principe è un'opera unitaria, i Discorsi già dal titolo suggeriscono l'idea di una serie di divagazioni, a partire da Ab Urbe Condita (della fondazione di Roma) dello storico latino Tito Livio. There have also been moments in Roman history when an army has performed better after the deaths of their consuls. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. [50] Machiavelli relates the point of Chapter 19 to a moment in modern history; when, in 1498, Florence went to war with Venice and was able to predict the enemy army's movements and win the war. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio by Machiavelli, Niccolò, 1469-1527; Cavagna Sangiuliani di Gualdana, Antonio, conte, 1843-1913, former owner. Claimed that the military esteemed the military on foot much more than military on horseback. Grazie ai volontari del Progetto Griffo è online (disponibile per il download gratuito) l'ePub Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio di Niccolò Machiavelli. "[67] Machiavelli establishes that "Princes should not complain of any sin that the people whom they have to govern commit, for it must be that such sins arise either by negligence or by his being stained with like errors. This event was necessary "so that all the orders of the city might be regained and that it might be shown to that people that it was necessary not only to maintain religion and justice but also to esteem its good citizens and to take more account of their virtue than of these advantages that it appeared to them they lacked through their works. The Discourses on Livy (Italian: Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio, literally "Discourses on the First Ten of Titus Livy") is a work of political history and philosophy written in the early 16th century (c. 1517) by the Italian writer and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli, best known as the author of The Prince. Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio Niccolò Machiavelli Niccolò Machiavelli a Zanobi Buondelmonti e Cosimo Rucellai salute. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio di Niccolo Machiavelli. "[21] It is in a prince's interests to rule well for "when men are governed well they do not seek or wish for any other freedom. Chapter 30 says that truly powerful Republics and Princes buy friendships not with money, but with virtue and reputation of strength. [63], Chapter 27 concerns "How one has to unite a divided city; and how that opinion is not true that to hold cities one needs to hold them divided. He claims that their goal for war was to be short and massive. "[20] Tarquin's tyranny over the people of Rome would lead to his overthrow and incredibly negative status in Roman history. Niccolò Machiavelli - Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio (1531) Libro primo Capitolo 33. [38], The heading for Chapter 12 states, "That a prudent captain ought to impose every necessity to engage in combat on his soldiers and take it away from those of enemies. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio. "[86], The point of Chapter 44 can be summarized in its heading: "One often obtains with impetuosity and audacity what one would never have obtained through ordinary modes. Hence the prince must take courage to use these extraordinary means when necessary, and should yet take care not to miss any chance which offers of establishing his cause with humanity, kindness, and rewards, not taking as an absolute rule what Machiavelli says, who was always extremely partial to extraordinary and violent methods. "[37], Machiavelli begins Chapter 11 explaining the considerable power to the tribunes of the plebs: "The power of the tribunes of the plebs in the city of Rome was great, and it was necessary, as had been discoursed of by us many times, because otherwise one would not have been able to place a check on the ambition of the nobility, which would have corrupted that republic a long time before it did corrupt itself. Registro degli Operatori della Comunicazione. "[23] Much like how in Chapter 5, there is incentive to being a good ruler. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio (1983) Torino : G. Einaudi , 1983 Discours sur la première décade de Tite-Live (1980) Paris : Berger-Levrault , 1980 Bréviaire républicain (1885) Paris : A. Chapter 28 says how dangerous it is for a Republic or a Prince not to avenge an injury done against the public or against a private person. [70] Machiavelli raises the modern example of the Venetians, whose good fortune created a sort of "insolence" that they failed to respect the powerful states around them and lost much of their territorial holdings. People were looking for good connections, and the prince who has a better reputation is better off than the one with better force. Chapter 12 talks about whether it is better to wait to be attacked if you feel it is coming, or if you should make the first move. Says that having these services admits you are weak and is not something that is necessarily respectable. Machiavelli believes this to be impossible, however, stating that "one must be reduced to the two modes written above—that is, either distance oneself from or to bind oneself to them. Chapter 24 claims that fortresses are generally much more harmful than useful. Buy Il Principe: E Discorsi Sopra La Prima Deca Di Tito Livio... by Niccolò Machiavelli (ISBN: 9781276884839) from Amazon's Book Store. Skip to main content.com.au. "[16] He relates this to his native Florence, where "from 1434 up to 1494", such things were done "to regain the state...otherwise, it was difficult to maintain it. The Discourses were published posthumously with papal privilege in 1531. Chapter 32 talks about how many modes the Romans seized towns. [75], Chapter 34 pertains to "What fame or word or opinion makes the people being to favor a citizen; and whether it distributes the magistracies with great prudence than a prince. [77] He writes that while the Roman army had fury and virtue, the army of the Gauls only had fury, which, more often than not, lead them into embarrassing battles. "[22] He cites the verdict of Cornelius Tacitus as someone everyone should fellow, as it says that "men have to honor past things and obey present ones; and they should desire good princes and tolerate them, however they may be made. '"[36] If one hides in his city, far from the field of battle, he "leaves one's country as prey to the enemy. "[35] Machiavelli refers to those princes or republics who send out others to represent them in war as "effeminate. ), Opere di Niccolö Machiavelli (Milano, 1966) I. proemio (pp. Send-to-Kindle or Email . Thinking the battle to be all but over, Cassius killed himself. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio vs Principe Opere in contrasto? Dangers are found in conspiracies at three times: before, in the deed, and after. Chapter 18 talks about how the Authority of the Romans and by the example of the ancient military infantry should be esteemed more than the horse. "[19] This event functions as advice to future princes, "every prince can be warned that he never lives secure in his principality as long as those who have been despoiled of it are living. The Court of Rome sternly prohibited his book. There were many opinions equally distributed to both sides, and there is not final consensus on which had more of a cause, virtue or fortune. First, one sees that women have been causes of much ruin, and have done great harm to those who govern a city, and have caused many divisions in them. I Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio subiscono una gestazione più lunga, di circa sei anni. Chapter seven talks about how much land the Romans gave per Colonist. Chapter 33 talks about how the Romans gave free commissions to their captains of armies. "[33] His behavior matched the state of the Roman republic and its army at the time. He raises the example of Piero Soderini again, who "proceeded in all his affairs with humanity and patience. Chapter 23 talks about how much the Romans, in judging subjects for some accidents that necessitated such judgment, fled from the middle way (which he criticizes) in regards to punishments. He believes that the Gauls' aggression was necessary, "if one wished that that it be reborn and, by being reborn, regain new life and new virtue, and regain the observance of religion and justice, which were beginning to be tainted in it. Il principe e discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio . "[13] Machiavelli, however, desires to talk about exceptions to this rule, "...mixed bodies, such as republics and sections". Also, Machiavelli gives the reasoning and background information for why these three modes of expanding that the republic took were necessary. He also objected to much of Machiavelli's advice, as he thought that many of his recommendations were too vicious, stating that:[93]. Chapter talks in detail about the different outlooks people have. [89], Chapter 47 is incredibly short and can be summarized in its heading: "That a good citizen ought to forget private injuries for love of his fatherland. Niccolò Machiavelli, Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio. "[33] Machiavelli writes, "I have often considered that the cause of the bad and of the good fortune of men is the matching of the mode of one's proceeding with the times. [71] Machiavelli asserts that is necessary to have a strong military in order to have a state with "good laws or any other good thing thing [sic?]. Chapter 9 he talks about what factors commonly cause wars. Referring to the Roman Republic, Machiavelli begins Chapter 24 establishing that "...two things were the cause of the dissolution of that republic: one was the contentions that arose from Agrarian law; the other, the prolongation of commands. He relates this belief to a moment in Florentine history; when, in 1494, "the city came upon one individual who showed how armies have to be commanded, who was Antonio Giacomini. [13] Machiavelli cites an example from Roman history: when the Gauls, referring to them as the French, sacked Rome in 387 BC. "[18], The heading for Chapter 3 states "That it is necessary to kill the sons of Brutus if one wishes to maintain a newly acquired freedom. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. Google Scholar Values and ideologies were being lost, and soldiers just were not the same as they used to be. Machiavelli saw history in general as a way to learn useful lessons from the past for the present, and also as a type of analysis which could be built upon, as long as each generation did not forget the works of the past. His humbleness or "poverty" became something future Romans tried to emulate. He also gives similar advice to "princes who have become tyrants of their fatherlands". Moving on, he says that a republic has the opportunity to emerge as an empire, like Rome, or just maintain what it is. I Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio sono un'opera di Niccolò Machiavelli, frutto di una lunga elaborazione durata dal 1513 al 1519, anno di morte di … Discorsi Sopra La Prima Deca Di Tito Livio Machiavelli Niccolo. Livy additionally feels that the multitude is wiser than the one prince. "[24] He asserts that "all conspiracies are made by great men of those very familiar to the prince. [92], Francesco Guicciardini, Machiavelli's close friend and critic, read the book and wrote critical notes (Considerazioni) on many of the chapters. Towards the end of Book I, Machiavelli adds that great accidents that occur in a city usually come with some kind of sign. Niccolò Machiavelli and Others $5.99; $5.99; Publisher Description. He is talking about how there should be no circumstances in which someone should believe another individual who has been kicked out of the country. He blames it either on famine or on war that has taken over their land and they must move on to something new. This was primarily what drove Brutus and Cassius to conspire against Caesar. He complains that the Italian Renaissance has stimulated a desire to imitate the ancients in art, law, and medicine, but that no one thinks of imitating ancient kingdoms or republics. [41] At the end of the chapter, Machiavelli asserts that "a captain who has time to instruct men and occasion to arm them is very much more to be trusted than an insolent army with a head made tumultuously by it."[42]. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio di Machiavelli ... Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio. Cart Hello Select your address Best Sellers Today's Deals Electronics Gift Ideas … Chapter 21 is titled "Whence it arises that with a different mode of proceeding Hannibal produced those same effects in Italy as Scipio did in Spain. "[85], Chapter 43 pertains to the fact that "Men who are born in one province observe almost the same nature for all times. Chapter 27 says for prudent princes and republics, it should be enough to conquer, for most often when it is not enough, one loses. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio vs Principe Opere in contrasto? They lived in Rome with like virtue, with like triumphs and glory, and each of them, in what pertained to the enemy, acquired it with like virtue; but in what belonged to the armies and to their dealings with the soldiers, they proceeded very diversely. "[18] Machiavelli concludes the chapter, writing, "Thus one must play crazy, like Brutus, and make oneself very much mad, praising, speaking, seeing, doing things against your intent so as to please the prince. "[14] Later on Machiavelli states that it is not preferable to have renewal carried out by an external force as "it is so dangerous that it is not in any way to be desired. From Rometti Vincent (Nice, France) Seller Rating: Available From More Booksellers. Chapter five talks about how memories can be lost due to issues such as language barriers, floods, or even plague. [9], The Samnites were defeated by the Romans several times and in order to change this they decided find a new approach to their religion.[10]. "[64] Referring to when the Romans handled tumult the leaders of a divided city they had recently conquered (Ardea), Machiavelli believes that there are three possible ways to handle the leaders of rebellion within a held city: "...either to kill them, as they did; or to remove them from the city; or to make them make peace together under obligations not to offend one another. 12x19x(5+4) cm , Isbn 978-88-02-07262-3 Claims that humility and pride are two separate things and do not go hand in hand. In humanism: Machiavelli’s realism …public and private writings—especially the Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio (1531; Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livy)—he showed a marked preference for republican government, but in The Prince (1532) he developed, with apparent approval, a model of radical autocracy. "[20], The topic of Chapter 5 is "What makes a king who is heir to a kingdom lose it. 1. Leo Strauss on Modernity and Economics", On the Method of Dealing with the Rebellious Peoples of Valdichiana, Discourse on Reforming the Government of Florence, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discourses_on_Livy&oldid=994346596, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 06:39. "[15] In the Roman Republic, "the orders that drew the Roman republic back toward its beginning were the tribunes of the plebs, the censors, and all the other laws that went against the ambition and the insolence of men. "[60] If one was to decipher Machiavelli's statement into modern terms, he believes that bureaucracy and inefficiency resulted in the demise of the Roman Republic. "[17] He is referring to the way in which Brutus removed the Tarquins from Rome "to live more securely and to maintain his patrimony..."[17] Machiavelli believes that "From his example all those who are discontented with a prince have to learn: they should first measure and first weigh their forces, and if they are so powerful that they can expose themselves as his enemies and make war on him openly, they should enter on this way, as less dangerous and more honorable. I discorsi si dividono in tre libri di complessivi 142 capitoli: 60 il primo libro, 33 il secondo e 49 il terzo; i primi due libri sono introdotti da un proemio che ne illustra il tema. "[49] He brings up the consul Claudius Nero, who "throughout the city he was spoken of indecently, not without great dishonor and indignation for him. Prime. Condividi Condividi sui social network "[83] Fraud in war means fooling the enemy. "[19], The heading of Chapter 4 is, "A prince does not live secure in a principality while those who have been despoiled of it are living. "[61] He recalls the story of the great Cincinnatus, who, when the Rome was in grave danger, was made dictator by the Senate and saved the Republic. DISCORSI SOPRA LA PRIMA DECA DI TITO LIVIO LIBRO PRIMO Proemio 3 1. Secondo Ronald T. Ridley (1987), le citazioni liviane nei Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio – per quanto libere, adattate ai contesti e talvolta riprese a memoria – mostrano congruenze con la stampa parigina (per i tipi di Josse Bade di Asch) del 1511. The Discourses on Livy ( Italian: Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio, literally "Discourses on the First Ten of Titus Livy ") is a work of political history and philosophy written in the early 16th century (c. 1517) by the Italian writer and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli, best known as the author of The Prince. "[67] A king should not punish his citizens for pillaging in war when he is himself a known pillager. He states that those who are successful in establishing absolutist regimes attack the nobles by appealing to the people, then oppress the people when all of their enemies are eliminated.[11]. Passione per i classici (specialmente della storia romana) Differenze tra Il Principe e I Discorsi Lavoro svolto da: Greta Minelli Sara Bonometti Elisa Meloni Gabriele Naoni Tommaso Codenotti FONTI Tito Livio Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio. "[45], Chapter 16 pertains to "That in difficult times one goes to find true; and in easy times not virtuous men but those with riches or kinship have more favour. "[58] According to Machiavelli, "Titus Livy brings up these causes of the hatred: first, that he applied to the public the money that was drawn from the goods of the Veientes that were sold and did not divide it as booty; another, that in the triumph, he had his triumphal chariot pulled by four white horses, from which they said that because of his pride he wished to be equal to the sun; third, that he made a vow to Apollo the tenth part of the booty of the Veientes..."[59] When the people were denied their part of the loot, they rebelled against Camillus.[59]. [86] According to Machiavelli, "Whoever reads of things past in our city of Florence and considers also those that have occurred in the nearest times will find German and French people full of avarice, pride, ferocity, and faithlessness, for all those four things have much offended our city in diverse times. Main Discorsi Sopra La Prima Deca Di Tito Livio. This means that fate will take its toll on what men do and do not do. He says that he will restrict himself in Book I to those things that occurred inside the city and by public counsel.[3]. "[13] Romans had lost sight of "the other good institutions ordered by Romulus and by other prudent princes than was reasonable and necessary to maintain their free way of life. [27] Another example from Roman history Machiavelli raises is the Pisonian conspiracy against Nero. "[91] Quintus Fabius was a Roman censor who took all the young Romans who failed to understand the basics of the Republic and "derived under four tribes, so that by being shut in such small spaces they could not corrupt all Rome. [69] Referring to envy, Machiavelli believes that "in many times that the cause that men cannot work well, since the said envy does not permit them to have the authority that is necessary to have in things of importance. Rome benefited because the office of Dictator was written into the constitution so it could be exercised legitimately and then retired during the emergency. "[56] As one can assume from the title, two very different men achieved very similar glory. Perché in … Machiavelli writes that "property and honor are two things that offend men more than any other offense, from which the prince should guard himself. The themes of pride and corruption appear many times throughout The Discourses and Machiavelli believes that it is very easy for a person to be corrupted. Chapter 29 claims that fortune blinds the spirits of men when it does not wish them to oppose its plans. [23] Another motivator for conspiracy is when a man feels the desire to free his fatherland from whoever has seized it. "[31] Machiavelli begins Chapter 8 stating that "...a wicked citizen cannot work for ill in a republic that is not corrupt. "[29], The topic for Chapter 7 summarizes the entire entry: "Whence it arises that changes from freedom to servitude and from servitude to freedom are some of them without blood, some of them full of it. 1517) by the Italian writer and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli.The Discourses were published posthumously with papal privilege in 1531. "[34], Chapter 10 pertains to the fact that "a captain cannot flee battle when the adversary wishes him to engage in it in any mode. I Discorsi sono di tre libri: Il primo comprende un proemio e 60 moduli e tratta dei problemi di politica interna di Roma (organizzazione della Repubblica Romana, leggi interne e loro genesi, rapporti fra plebe e nobiltà, ecc . 709 II concetto di ((corruzione)) nei > di fattori esterni allo Stato, che sono anche i piu' pericolosi, oppure di fattori interni: E quanto a questi, conviene che nasca o da una legge, la quale spesso rivegga il conto agli uomini che … 10404470014, "Il progetto di una scienza della politica" da Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio (libro I, vv 1-48), Machiavelli, Niccolò - I discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio, Vita ed opere principali di Niccolò Machiavelli, Italiano per la scuola superiore: Riassunti e Appunti.